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Evaluation of the Xpert MTB Host Response assay for the triage of patients [TB0108]

A triage test with a minimum sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 70%, meeting predefined operational targets, could help reduce underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of tuberculosis, decrease delays in starting treatment, and lower the cost and infrastructure demands of current gold-standard sputum-based tests in high-burden settings.  Sweeney and colleagues validated a three-gene host blood signature, utilizing blood mRNA to measure markers associated with the host inflammatory response, which can differentiate tuberculosis disease from other conditions. This signature has been developed into an automated, blood-based quantitative PCR test on the GeneXpert platform, generating a TB Score based on the cycle threshold of expressed genes. Early studies from stored samples and interim results from a multisite study suggest that this test may achieve the WHO's target product profile minimum accuracy threshold for a tuberculosis triage test. We aimed to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic...
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Adults with Mtb infection and pre-DM have increased levels of IGR [TB0102]

Immunopathy associated with diabetes or pre-diabetes is characterized, in part, by chronic inflammation driven by persistent hyperglycemia, resulting in several complications. Generally, data from clinical tuberculosis (TB) studies indicate that patients with diabetes demonstrate a robust TB antigen-specific immune response. However, diabetes is paradoxically associated with worse TB clinical outcomes, including delayed culture conversion, increased risk of mortality, and higher rates of TB relapse. Although diabetes is an established risk factor for TB disease, additional information to identify individuals with diabetes and latent TB infection (LTBI) at greatest risk of progression to TB disease is urgently needed. Previous studies among children, adolescents, and adults who converted from a negative to a positive LTBI test reported that increased quantitative QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT) interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) values were predictive of progression to TB disease. Participants who self...
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Relationship between the length of treatment for PTB and Hb levels [TB0103]

The notification rate for all tuberculosis cases in Central Java Province in 2022 was 179 per 100,000 population, an increase from 110 per 100,000 population in 2021. Semarang City continues to rank as the highest regency/city, with a Case Notification Rate (CNR) for all TB cases at 348 per 100,000 population. Kedungmundu District has the highest number of pulmonary TB cases, with a total of 186 cases, followed by Bangetayu District with 158 pulmonary TB cases. TB treatment begins with an intensive phase lasting for the first two months, potentially followed by an advanced phase. Long-term TB treatment often leads to issues with patient compliance. Noncompliance in tuberculosis treatment can have a negative impact on clinical outcomes and public health. Hematological abnormalities are common in TB patients, including leukocytosis, monocytosis, lymphocytosis, thrombocytosis, lymphopenia, and anemia. Anti-TB drugs such as isoniazid and rifampicin can cause hemolytic anemia or metabolic d...
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